Ethernet is a name given to a popular PACKET SWITCH LAN tehnology
IEEE released a compatible version of the standard using standard number 802.3
.It has become most popular LAN technology
Initially it is called 10 base 5 ,it uses a co-axial cable
10 base for 10Mbps speed
5 stand for 500 meter long
it s called thicknet
It has less electrical interference
A resistor is added between the center wire and shield at each end to prevent reflection of electrical signals
Each connection to an original Ethernet uses two major electrical components
1.Transciever
2.Ahost interface card or host adapter
Transciever
Transciever connect to the center wire and braided shield on the cable sensing sending signals on the ether
A host interface card (host adapter )
A host interface card play into the computer bus(eg:motherboard) and connects to the transciever
Tranceiver
A transceiver is a small piece of hardware usually found physically adjacent to the ether .In addition to the analog hardware that sense and control electrical signal on the ether ,a transceiver contain digital circuitry that allows it to communicate with digital computer
The transceiver senses when ether is used and translate analog electrical signal on the ether to and from digital form AUI(Attached Unit Interface) cable (initially transceiver cable) contain many wires ,AUI connect the transceiver to an adapter board in host computer .The wire carry the electrical power needed to operate the transceiver the signal that control the transceiver operation and the contents of packet being sent or received
Ethernet
Host Interface(It can be complex device)
each host interface control the operation of one transceiver according to instruction received from computer software
To the OS software Host ,Host interface appears to be input output device
It reports status information
It accept basic data transfer instruction from computer
It control the transceiver to carry them out
It interrupt when the task has been completed
Thin wire Ethernet
10 base 5 →thicknet
10 base 2→thin wirenet /thinnet
It has BNC connectors can connect a computer without using tools
Adavantages
Co-axial cabe is thinner
less expensive
more flexible
To add a new computer one only needs to link it into the chain
This scheme works well for when many computer occupy a single room
replaced costly transceiver hardware with specially high speed digital circuits
Provide a direct connection computer the network (easy to connect and disconnect)
manufacture of small computer and workstation find thinnet an specially attractive scheme because they can integrate ethernet hardware into single board computer and mount connection directly on the back of the computer
Disadvantages
if a user disconnect the ethernet it prevent all machine on the ether from communicating
electrical interface is highly affected
it cover somewhat shorter distance
only fewer computer per network than thick ethernet
Twisted pair network
Ethernet without electrical shielding of a co-axial cable
Now commonly used
Thin,low cost to instal
simple cable yet not affected byelectrical interference
4 pair of wires (8 wires)
It uses category 5 cabling
It is 10 base -T ethernet
T stand for twisted pair
It uses a central hub maximum distance from one computer to hub is 100 meter
It protect other computer
If a user disconnect one computer on the network
``````````````````````
Fast Ethernet
To overcome the throughput limitation of ethernet engineers designed a new version of ethernet that operate an order of magnitude faster ,Initially known as 100 base T
The technology is usually fast ethernet
Fast Ethernet uses category 5 twisted pair wiring
the same used for 10 base T
TWO facts of fast Ethernet
1)Although computer have become faster few computer system transmit data at sustained rate of 100Mbps
2)The 100 baseT standard did not change other parts of the Ethernet standard .In particular the maximum packet size remain same for 10baseT
These facts shows that fast Ethernet is not optimized to provide the highest possible through put between a pair of computer
The design is optimized to allow more station and more total traffic
10/100 Ethernet
The technology which is known as dual speed Ethernet or 10/100 Ethernet
is available for computer interfaces as well as for hubs
It has become extremely popular
Dual speed devices are especially helpful during transition of 10Mbps technology to 100Mbps technology
Gigabit Ethernet
1000 base-T
high throughput rate make it popular for using backbone network
Disadvatages
high data rates does have slight disadvantages -It make more susceptible to electrical interference
High cost
Q.III.b.Fast and gigabit Ethernet (ii) 10/100/1000 Ethernet (7mark)[B. Tech. Degree VII Semester Examination November 2012 CS/IT 703 ADVANCED COMPUTER NETWORKS (2006 Scheme)]
IEEE released a compatible version of the standard using standard number 802.3
.It has become most popular LAN technology
Initially it is called 10 base 5 ,it uses a co-axial cable
10 base for 10Mbps speed
5 stand for 500 meter long
it s called thicknet
It has less electrical interference
A resistor is added between the center wire and shield at each end to prevent reflection of electrical signals
Each connection to an original Ethernet uses two major electrical components
1.Transciever
2.Ahost interface card or host adapter
Transciever
Transciever connect to the center wire and braided shield on the cable sensing sending signals on the ether
A host interface card (host adapter )
A host interface card play into the computer bus(eg:motherboard) and connects to the transciever
Tranceiver
A transceiver is a small piece of hardware usually found physically adjacent to the ether .In addition to the analog hardware that sense and control electrical signal on the ether ,a transceiver contain digital circuitry that allows it to communicate with digital computer
The transceiver senses when ether is used and translate analog electrical signal on the ether to and from digital form AUI(Attached Unit Interface) cable (initially transceiver cable) contain many wires ,AUI connect the transceiver to an adapter board in host computer .The wire carry the electrical power needed to operate the transceiver the signal that control the transceiver operation and the contents of packet being sent or received
Ethernet
Host Interface(It can be complex device)
each host interface control the operation of one transceiver according to instruction received from computer software
To the OS software Host ,Host interface appears to be input output device
It reports status information
It accept basic data transfer instruction from computer
It control the transceiver to carry them out
It interrupt when the task has been completed
Thin wire Ethernet
10 base 5 →thicknet
10 base 2→thin wirenet /thinnet
It has BNC connectors can connect a computer without using tools
Adavantages
Co-axial cabe is thinner
less expensive
more flexible
To add a new computer one only needs to link it into the chain
This scheme works well for when many computer occupy a single room
replaced costly transceiver hardware with specially high speed digital circuits
Provide a direct connection computer the network (easy to connect and disconnect)
manufacture of small computer and workstation find thinnet an specially attractive scheme because they can integrate ethernet hardware into single board computer and mount connection directly on the back of the computer
Disadvantages
if a user disconnect the ethernet it prevent all machine on the ether from communicating
electrical interface is highly affected
it cover somewhat shorter distance
only fewer computer per network than thick ethernet
Twisted pair network
Ethernet without electrical shielding of a co-axial cable
Now commonly used
Thin,low cost to instal
simple cable yet not affected byelectrical interference
4 pair of wires (8 wires)
It uses category 5 cabling
It is 10 base -T ethernet
T stand for twisted pair
It uses a central hub maximum distance from one computer to hub is 100 meter
It protect other computer
If a user disconnect one computer on the network
``````````````````````
Fast Ethernet
To overcome the throughput limitation of ethernet engineers designed a new version of ethernet that operate an order of magnitude faster ,Initially known as 100 base T
The technology is usually fast ethernet
Fast Ethernet uses category 5 twisted pair wiring
the same used for 10 base T
TWO facts of fast Ethernet
1)Although computer have become faster few computer system transmit data at sustained rate of 100Mbps
2)The 100 baseT standard did not change other parts of the Ethernet standard .In particular the maximum packet size remain same for 10baseT
These facts shows that fast Ethernet is not optimized to provide the highest possible through put between a pair of computer
The design is optimized to allow more station and more total traffic
10/100 Ethernet
The technology which is known as dual speed Ethernet or 10/100 Ethernet
is available for computer interfaces as well as for hubs
It has become extremely popular
Dual speed devices are especially helpful during transition of 10Mbps technology to 100Mbps technology
Gigabit Ethernet
1000 base-T
high throughput rate make it popular for using backbone network
Disadvatages
high data rates does have slight disadvantages -It make more susceptible to electrical interference
High cost
Q.III.b.Fast and gigabit Ethernet (ii) 10/100/1000 Ethernet (7mark)[B. Tech. Degree VII Semester Examination November 2012 CS/IT 703 ADVANCED COMPUTER NETWORKS (2006 Scheme)]
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